Canonical: https://rotgar.com/medical/resources/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-study

Rotgar Research · Cosmetic plastic surgery · United States

# Cosmetic Plastic Surgery AI Search Visibility Across Four Platforms

A US cosmetic-surgery query panel comparing answers and cited source sets across ChatGPT, Gemini, Google AI Overviews and Google AI Mode.

By [**Evgeniy Yudin**](https://rotgar.com/about), Founder and Strategy Lead · Published October 30, 2026 · Version 1.0 · US English

[Read the findings](https://rotgar.com/medical/resources/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-study#answer) [Review the methodology](https://rotgar.com/medical/resources/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-study#methodology)

Direct answer

## Track the surgical procedure and the platform separately

We tested 18 fixed US-English cosmetic-surgery questions across four platforms in three same-day waves. The panel covers rhinoplasty, facelift and breast augmentation in New York City, Chicago and Miami.

ChatGPT: 54/54 checks contained an AI answer; Gemini: 54/54 checks contained an AI answer; Google AI Overviews: 48/54 checks contained an AI answer; Google AI Mode: 54/54 checks contained an AI answer.

Among 210 answer-bearing captures, 193 contained at least one eligible citation. The tables separate answer availability, cited-source overlap and repeatability; these are different observations, not interchangeable visibility scores.

**216**

### Planned core checks

18 query cells × 3 waves × 4 platforms. Technical preflight is excluded.

**18**

### Exact query cells

3 cities × 3 cosmetic-surgery procedures × 2 wording variants.

**198**

### Defined repeat-source pairs

Hostname Jaccard has a nonempty citation union; empty/empty sets are not counted as 100% stability.

Study at a glance

## A fixed cosmetic-surgery panel, separated by platform

Patient tasks

Rhinoplasty, facelift surgery and breast augmentation

Requested US markets

New York City, Chicago and Miami

Collection surfaces

ChatGPT, Gemini, Google AI Overviews and Google AI Mode through DataForSEO

Repeated collection

Three same-day waves of the same 18 query cells

Fieldwork

October 30, 2026 to October 30, 2026

Public evidence

Versioned data, prompts, pair tables, source ledger and reproduction materials

What the panel shows

## Findings for cosmetic-surgery practice teams

### The same tracking sheet needs separate platform columns

ChatGPT: 54/54 checks contained an AI answer; Gemini: 54/54 checks contained an AI answer; Google AI Overviews: 48/54 checks contained an AI answer; Google AI Mode: 54/54 checks contained an AI answer.

Record whether an answer exists before assessing a named clinic or practitioner. A missing AI Overview is not a clinic losing a recommendation.

### A repeated question is a baseline—not an implementation result

Mean within-query source-hostname Jaccard in this panel was ChatGPT 11.3% (48 defined pairs); Gemini 36.0% (54 defined pairs); Google AI Overviews 27.2% (42 defined pairs); Google AI Mode 23.6% (54 defined pairs).

Keep the exact wording, city, platform and collection date alongside each check. Compare repeated baseline observations before attributing a change to website work.

### Inspect the cited page, not just the practice domain

1194 deduplicated URL occurrences were visible across the core answers. Treatment / services path was the largest conservative URL category (350 occurrences).

The URL-type table is a way to find procedure, practitioner and location pages worth inspecting. It does not show that adding a particular page caused an AI recommendation.

### Rhinoplasty, facelift and breast-augmentation questions have distinct scopes

The procedure table keeps rhinoplasty, facelift and breast augmentation separate in each system. The two wordings differ: one asks for clinics to compare; the other explicitly asks for the surgeon, operating facility and source evidence.

Use these segments to select procedure pages, named-surgeon profiles, consultation locations and operating-facility information for inspection. No automated clinic-accuracy or clinical-quality score is inferred.

Four platforms

## What each platform returned for the fixed cosmetic-surgery panel

All 216 planned observation slots are retained. Captured outcomes separate an AI answer from a successfully completed check with no AI answer. Any gap between planned and captured slots is a technical collection state, documented in the methodology and observation download—not clinic-brand absence.

**What each platform returned for the fixed cosmetic-surgery panel · Public v1.0 panel**

| Platform | Planned slots | Captured | Answer-bearing | No AI answer | With citations | Unique URLs | Unique hostnames |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ChatGPT | 54 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 39 | 218 | 111 |
| Gemini | 54 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 54 | 184 | 114 |
| Google AI Overviews | 54 | 54 | 48 | 6 | 47 | 220 | 110 |
| Google AI Mode | 54 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 53 | 105 | 43 |

Procedure and task

## Keep cosmetic-surgery procedures separate

Each platform–task segment contains 18 planned checks: three cities, two wording variants and three scheduled repeats. Captured outcomes and answer-bearing captures have separate counts. No segment is weighted by patient traffic or query volume.

**Keep cosmetic-surgery procedures separate · Public v1.0 panel**

| Platform | Procedure | Planned slots | Captured | Answer-bearing | No AI answer | With citations | Unique hostnames |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ChatGPT | Rhinoplasty | 18 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 14 | 55 |
| ChatGPT | Facelift surgery | 18 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 10 | 41 |
| ChatGPT | Breast augmentation | 18 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 15 | 47 |
| Gemini | Rhinoplasty | 18 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 18 | 54 |
| Gemini | Facelift surgery | 18 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 18 | 56 |
| Gemini | Breast augmentation | 18 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 18 | 44 |
| Google AI Overviews | Rhinoplasty | 18 | 18 | 17 | 1 | 17 | 56 |
| Google AI Overviews | Facelift surgery | 18 | 18 | 15 | 3 | 14 | 46 |
| Google AI Overviews | Breast augmentation | 18 | 18 | 16 | 2 | 16 | 57 |
| Google AI Mode | Rhinoplasty | 18 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 18 | 23 |
| Google AI Mode | Facelift surgery | 18 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 17 | 14 |
| Google AI Mode | Breast augmentation | 18 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 18 | 23 |

Repeated questions

## How much did cited sources repeat within the same question?

Three pairwise comparisons are planned for each exact query–platform cell. Means use answer-bearing pairs with a nonempty source union. One-empty-source pairs count as zero; empty/empty pairs are undefined. The both-nonempty column is a separate sensitivity view.

### Visible citation sets when the same cosmetic-surgery question was repeated

Mean within-cell pairwise Jaccard. More shared sources does not mean better answers or better clinical care.

Exact URLs Source hostnames

#### ChatGPT

48 defined hostname pairs from 54 planned pairs; 6 source-empty/source-empty answer pairs.

#### Gemini

54 defined hostname pairs from 54 planned pairs; 0 source-empty/source-empty answer pairs.

#### Google AI Overviews

42 defined hostname pairs from 54 planned pairs; 0 source-empty/source-empty answer pairs.

#### Google AI Mode

54 defined hostname pairs from 54 planned pairs; 0 source-empty/source-empty answer pairs.

**How much did cited sources repeat within the same question? · Public v1.0 panel**

| Platform | Planned pairs | Answer pairs | Defined host pairs | Both source-empty | One source-empty | URL Jaccard | Hostname Jaccard | Both-nonempty host Jaccard |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ChatGPT | 54 | 54 | 48 | 6 | 18 | 4.9% | 11.3% | 18.1% |
| Gemini | 54 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 29.3% | 36.0% | 36.0% |
| Google AI Overviews | 54 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 2 | 20.9% | 27.2% | 28.6% |
| Google AI Mode | 54 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 2 | 13.5% | 23.6% | 24.5% |

Matched source sets

## How similar were source sets across platforms?

Matched pairs share the exact query and scheduled repeat label. Each platform combination has 54 planned matched pairs. Actual timestamps—including delayed recoveries—are retained. Only answer-bearing captures enter source-set comparisons; no-answer and technical-error pairs are not treated as empty source sets.

**How similar were source sets across platforms? · Public v1.0 panel**

| Platform pair | Planned matched pairs | Answer pairs | Defined pairs | Both source-empty | Hostname Jaccard | Both-nonempty Jaccard |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ChatGPT / Gemini | 54 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 4.2% | 5.9% |
| ChatGPT / Google AI Overviews | 54 | 48 | 47 | 1 | 3.1% | 4.1% |
| ChatGPT / Google AI Mode | 54 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 2.5% | 3.6% |
| Gemini / Google AI Overviews | 54 | 48 | 48 | 0 | 10.9% | 11.1% |
| Gemini / Google AI Mode | 54 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 6.1% | 6.2% |
| Google AI Overviews / Google AI Mode | 54 | 48 | 48 | 0 | 7.2% | 7.6% |

Source-page structure

## What kinds of citation URLs were visible?

Counts are unique URL occurrences within an answer, then summed across answers. The same URL can recur in different answers. Categories use conservative hostname/path rules, not a content-quality or ranking-factor assessment.

**What kinds of citation URLs were visible? · Public v1.0 panel**

| Platform | URL category | Citation occurrences | All citation occurrences | Share |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ChatGPT | Homepage | 112 | 300 | 37.3% |
| ChatGPT | Treatment / services path | 59 | 300 | 19.7% |
| ChatGPT | Practitioner / team path | 9 | 300 | 3.0% |
| ChatGPT | Location / contact path | 5 | 300 | 1.7% |
| ChatGPT | Editorial path | 0 | 300 | 0.0% |
| ChatGPT | Known directory / social host | 30 | 300 | 10.0% |
| ChatGPT | Unclassified path | 85 | 300 | 28.3% |
| Gemini | Homepage | 135 | 398 | 33.9% |
| Gemini | Treatment / services path | 148 | 398 | 37.2% |
| Gemini | Practitioner / team path | 6 | 398 | 1.5% |
| Gemini | Location / contact path | 10 | 398 | 2.5% |
| Gemini | Editorial path | 6 | 398 | 1.5% |
| Gemini | Known directory / social host | 49 | 398 | 12.3% |
| Gemini | Unclassified path | 44 | 398 | 11.1% |
| Google AI Overviews | Homepage | 45 | 311 | 14.5% |
| Google AI Overviews | Treatment / services path | 122 | 311 | 39.2% |
| Google AI Overviews | Practitioner / team path | 10 | 311 | 3.2% |
| Google AI Overviews | Location / contact path | 3 | 311 | 1.0% |
| Google AI Overviews | Editorial path | 8 | 311 | 2.6% |
| Google AI Overviews | Known directory / social host | 38 | 311 | 12.2% |
| Google AI Overviews | Unclassified path | 85 | 311 | 27.3% |
| Google AI Mode | Homepage | 29 | 185 | 15.7% |
| Google AI Mode | Treatment / services path | 21 | 185 | 11.4% |
| Google AI Mode | Practitioner / team path | 20 | 185 | 10.8% |
| Google AI Mode | Location / contact path | 7 | 185 | 3.8% |
| Google AI Mode | Editorial path | 2 | 185 | 1.1% |
| Google AI Mode | Known directory / social host | 24 | 185 | 13.0% |
| Google AI Mode | Unclassified path | 82 | 185 | 44.3% |

Selected source-page follow-up

## A predetermined source-page follow-up

The first declared citation in the selection-wording query of scheduled wave 1 supplies one slot per city × procedure × platform: 36 slots. A delayed same-input recovery can fill its original failed slot and is flagged in the download. No alternate wording or more convenient citation replaces the selected source.

**A predetermined source-page follow-up · Public v1.0 panel**

| Slot | Platform | City | Procedure | Selected source | Review state | Treatment detail | Named-surgeon information | Any location detail | Consultation location | Operating facility | Contact detail | Fee / payment context |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Q01 | ChatGPT | New York City | Rhinoplasty | [find.plasticsurgery.org](https://find.plasticsurgery.org/) | Inspected static page | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q02 | Gemini | New York City | Rhinoplasty | [drkassir.com/rhinoplasty](https://drkassir.com/rhinoplasty) | Inspected static page | Present | Present | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present |
| Q03 | Google AI Overviews | New York City | Rhinoplasty | [drjenniferlevine.com/plastic-surgery-new-york/face/rhinoplasty](https://drjenniferlevine.com/plastic-surgery-new-york/face/rhinoplasty) | Inspected static page | Present | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present | Present |
| Q04 | Google AI Mode | New York City | Rhinoplasty | [nextpatient.co/p/4432/providers](https://nextpatient.co/p/4432/providers) | uninspectable\_insufficient\_static\_text | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q05 | ChatGPT | New York City | Facelift surgery | [newyorkfacialplasticsurgery.com](https://newyorkfacialplasticsurgery.com/) | Inspected static page | Present | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q06 | Gemini | New York City | Facelift surgery | [drkassir.com/face/facelift](https://drkassir.com/face/facelift) | Inspected static page | Present | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present |
| Q07 | Google AI Overviews | New York City | Facelift surgery | [drkolker.com/face/face-lift](https://drkolker.com/face/face-lift) | Inspected static page | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q08 | Google AI Mode | New York City | Facelift surgery | [google.com/searchviewer/10](https://google.com/searchviewer/10?svid=CAwSGxIZCgNwdnESEkNnc3ZaeTh4ZEdkdGVEVnhkZxgK) | Navigation / booking surface | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q09 | ChatGPT | New York City | Breast augmentation | [find.plasticsurgery.org/city/new-york](https://find.plasticsurgery.org/city/new-york) | Inspected static page | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q10 | Gemini | New York City | Breast augmentation | [weillcornell.org/cosmetic-breast-surgery](https://weillcornell.org/cosmetic-breast-surgery) | Inspected static page | Present | Present | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q11 | Google AI Overviews | New York City | Breast augmentation | [greenbergcosmeticsurgery.com/plastic-surgery-new-york/breast/breast-implants](https://greenbergcosmeticsurgery.com/plastic-surgery-new-york/breast/breast-implants) | Inspected static page | Present | Present | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present |
| Q12 | Google AI Mode | New York City | Breast augmentation | [antell-md.com/breast/breast-augmentation-nyc](https://antell-md.com/breast/breast-augmentation-nyc) | Inspected static page | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| Q13 | ChatGPT | Chicago | Rhinoplasty | — | not\_applicable\_answer\_without\_sources | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q14 | Gemini | Chicago | Rhinoplasty | [realself.com/find/Illinois/Chicago/Rhinoplasty](https://realself.com/find/Illinois/Chicago/Rhinoplasty) | Inspected static page | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q15 | Google AI Overviews | Chicago | Rhinoplasty | [drthomasmustoe.com/facial-plastic-surgery/revision-rhinoplasty](https://drthomasmustoe.com/facial-plastic-surgery/revision-rhinoplasty) | Page request blocked | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q16 | Google AI Mode | Chicago | Rhinoplasty | [goldcoastplasticsurgery.com](https://goldcoastplasticsurgery.com/) | Inspected static page | Present | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q17 | ChatGPT | Chicago | Facelift surgery | [hudsonfacialplastics.com/pricing](https://hudsonfacialplastics.com/pricing) | Page could not be inspected | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q18 | Gemini | Chicago | Facelift surgery | [realself.com/find/Illinois/Chicago/Facelift](https://realself.com/find/Illinois/Chicago/Facelift) | Inspected static page | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Present |
| Q19 | Google AI Overviews | Chicago | Facelift surgery | — | No selected source: no AI answer | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q20 | Google AI Mode | Chicago | Facelift surgery | [google.com/searchviewer/10](https://google.com/searchviewer/10?svid=CAwSHRIbCgNwdnESFENnMHZaeTh4TVdSZmVqZzROSEk0GAo) | Navigation / booking surface | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q21 | ChatGPT | Chicago | Breast augmentation | [realself.com/find/Illinois/Chicago/Breast-Augmentation](https://realself.com/find/Illinois/Chicago/Breast-Augmentation) | Inspected static page | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q22 | Gemini | Chicago | Breast augmentation | [realself.com/find/Illinois/Chicago/Breast-Augmentation](https://realself.com/find/Illinois/Chicago/Breast-Augmentation) | Inspected static page | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q23 | Google AI Overviews | Chicago | Breast augmentation | [chicagoplasticsurgery.com](https://chicagoplasticsurgery.com/) | Inspected static page | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q24 | Google AI Mode | Chicago | Breast augmentation | [google.com/searchviewer/10](https://google.com/searchviewer/10?svid=CAwSGxIZCgNwdnESEkNnc3ZaeTh4ZEdoaWVEZG1NdxgK) | Navigation / booking surface | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q25 | ChatGPT | Miami | Rhinoplasty | [realself.com/find/Florida/Miami/Rhinoplasty](https://realself.com/find/Florida/Miami/Rhinoplasty) | Inspected static page | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Present |
| Q26 | Gemini | Miami | Rhinoplasty | [miamivibesmag.com/post/the-top-rated-rhinoplasty-surgeons-in-miami](https://miamivibesmag.com/post/the-top-rated-rhinoplasty-surgeons-in-miami) | Inspected static page | Present | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Present |
| Q27 | Google AI Overviews | Miami | Rhinoplasty | [spectrum-aesthetics.com/nose-surgery](https://spectrum-aesthetics.com/nose-surgery) | Inspected static page | Present | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present |
| Q28 | Google AI Mode | Miami | Rhinoplasty | [google.com/searchviewer/10](https://google.com/searchviewer/10?svid=CAwSGxIZCgNwdnESEkNnc3ZaeTh4ZEdaeWFHdDBlURgK) | Navigation / booking surface | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q29 | ChatGPT | Miami | Facelift surgery | [plasticsurgery.org/documents/holidays/2024/Surgeon-Checklist.pdf](https://plasticsurgery.org/documents/holidays/2024/Surgeon-Checklist.pdf) | Page could not be inspected | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q30 | Gemini | Miami | Facelift surgery | [thecliniccompass.com/miami/best-plastic-surgeons](https://thecliniccompass.com/miami/best-plastic-surgeons) | Inspected static page | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q31 | Google AI Overviews | Miami | Facelift surgery | [nidiadejesusmd.com/facelift-miami-cost-types](https://nidiadejesusmd.com/facelift-miami-cost-types) | Inspected static page | Present | Present | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present |
| Q32 | Google AI Mode | Miami | Facelift surgery | [drbustillo.com](https://drbustillo.com/) | Inspected static page | Present | Present | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q33 | ChatGPT | Miami | Breast augmentation | [find.plasticsurgery.org](https://find.plasticsurgery.org/?city=Miami&state=FL) | Inspected static page | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Unknown / not assessed |
| Q34 | Gemini | Miami | Breast augmentation | [avanaplasticsurgery.com](https://avanaplasticsurgery.com/) | Inspected static page | Present | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present |
| Q35 | Google AI Overviews | Miami | Breast augmentation | [lhochsteinmd.com/pricing-and-fees-overview](https://lhochsteinmd.com/pricing-and-fees-overview) | Inspected static page | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Present |
| Q36 | Google AI Mode | Miami | Breast augmentation | [lhochsteinmd.com](https://lhochsteinmd.com/) | Inspected static page | Present | Present | Present | Unknown / not assessed | Unknown / not assessed | Present | Unknown / not assessed |

Of 36 predetermined slots, 34 selected a source (33 distinct URLs). The follow-up inspected 25 unique substantive static pages, represented in 26 slots. Among those 25 inspected pages: treatment detail 15, named-surgeon information 24, location information 25, consultation-location evidence 7, operating-facility evidence 4, contact information 19, and fee/payment context 12.

The denominator is this fixed 36-slot source-page follow-up, not all 216 planned core responses or all cosmetic-surgery websites.

True means positive evidence on the inspected page, not independently verified credentials, availability, prices or clinical quality.

Null means not established from this inspected scope. Static extraction alone cannot establish that a fact is absent from dynamic or image content.

Null means not inspectable or no selected page. Inaccessible, navigation, booking, no-answer and collection-failure states are kept separate.

Treatment and named-practitioner evidence uses substantive page content; location/contact evidence may also use the inspected footer or contact links.

Consultation-location evidence is separate from operating-facility evidence. An office address, appointment link or generic accreditation statement does not prove where a named surgeon performs a procedure.

Practitioner evidence requires substantive clinician information, excluding navigation-only names and patient-testimonial names alone. Clinic contact evidence excludes directory-publisher support contacts.

Price qualification evidence means visible fees, payment/insurance/financing context or a relevant price limitation, not a verified treatment quote.

Private HTML/text snapshots are retained locally by SHA-256 and are not redistributed in the public dataset. Positive evidence is not a verified license or confirmation of clinical quality.

Consultation-location and operating-facility evidence are coded separately; an address alone does not establish where surgery takes place. The source-page follow-up describes this deterministic citation sample, not every page on a practice website. Missing page evidence and an inaccessible page remain distinct from a factual contradiction.

Practical interpretation

## Turn the evidence into a cosmetic-surgery work list

For a practice owner or marketing lead, the next decision is which operation, surgeon, consultation location and operating-facility information to inspect. A brand mention is not the same as correct surgical attribution or a booked consultation.

### Keep operations and platforms separate

Use the [procedure table](https://rotgar.com/medical/resources/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-study#cosmetic-procedures) to compare rhinoplasty, facelift surgery and breast augmentation independently. Keep ChatGPT, Gemini, AI Overviews and AI Mode in separate columns rather than use one blended plastics score.

### Inspect the page behind the citation

The [selected-source ledger](https://rotgar.com/medical/resources/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-study#source-follow-up) distinguishes procedure details, named-surgeon information, consultation locations and operating-facility evidence. An office address alone does not establish where an operation takes place. An inaccessible page remains unknown, not a confirmed omission or factual error.

### Preserve a repeatable baseline

Use the [repeat-source comparisons](https://rotgar.com/medical/resources/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-study#within-query-stability) to understand variation before judging an intervention. Save the exact question, market, platform and date. This observational panel does not show that changing a website will improve rankings, recommendations or revenue.

### Give the existing team a defined next step

The [cosmetic-surgery AI visibility guide](https://rotgar.com/medical/niches/plastic-surgery/ai-visibility) provides a practical review workflow. The [commercial service page](https://rotgar.com/medical/niches/plastic-surgery) separates audit, approved implementation and recheck responsibilities so existing agency work need not be duplicated.

Methodology

## How the cosmetic-surgery panel was collected and analyzed

### Fix the cosmetic-surgery panel before collecting answers

The protocol and 18 exact query cells were fixed before paid collection. Three convenience-selected US markets were crossed with rhinoplasty, facelift and breast augmentation, using ordinary-selection and surgeon/facility/evidence wordings. No practice brand was seeded in a query.

### Collect the four surfaces separately

DataForSEO LLM Scraper collected ChatGPT and Gemini with Live delivery. ChatGPT used force\_web\_search=true. Google AI Overviews and AI Mode used Standard queue delivery at normal priority 1 from preflight onward. AI Overviews used depth 10 and asynchronous loading; AI Mode used its separate Google surface. US-English country-level location 2840 was used; Google requests used desktop and Windows settings, and city names were explicit in each query.

Returned model labels — ChatGPT: gpt-6; Gemini: 3.5 Flash-Lite. Google AI Overviews and Google AI Mode did not return model-version labels. This collection does not establish equivalence to every signed-in consumer session.

### Keep repeats and collection states visible

The core contains 216 scheduled observation slots: three sequential same-day waves, 54 per platform. 0 original temporary failures received one prospectively admitted exact-input recovery after every original first-pass slot was terminal. A successful answer or no-answer capture was never replaced. Original and recovery delivery modes, statuses and timestamps remain in the observation metrics. There were 216 core requests in total. 4 technical collection attempts are excluded: 4 preflight attempts across 4 fixed technical cells and 0 separately admitted diagnostic probes. 526 read-only queue GET calls retrieved already-posted tasks; they are not additional observation attempts.

210 final core slots contained an AI answer; 6 checks returned no AI answer; 0 retained an unresolved collection error. Original failure states and both timestamps remain in the public observation metrics. Scheduled repeat labels are not a claim that delayed recoveries occurred in their original chronological wave. Provider-side caching was not controllable.

### Count final-answer citations and source-set similarity

ChatGPT/Gemini use the provider’s declared final-answer sources, not unused search results. Google uses references inside top-level AI answer items, not ordinary organic listings, local packs or People Also Ask. URLs are deduplicated within an answer after hostname/www, tracking, fragment and trailing-slash normalization. Hostname means the normalized host, not corporate ownership.

Jaccard is intersection divided by union. Empty/empty citation sets are undefined, one-empty sets are zero, and both-nonempty summaries are reported separately. Within-query comparisons match exact query and platform; cross-platform comparisons match exact query and scheduled repeat label. Delayed recoveries are not represented as chronologically simultaneous captures.

### Inspect a fixed first-reference source sample

The qualitative sample uses the first plan-ordered selection wording, scheduled wave 1, then the first declared normalized citation. A same-input recovery of a temporary failure may fill that original slot later; the source ledger flags recovery and actual timestamps. No-answer, no-source and unresolved-error slots remain explicit. Dated source-page evidence supports only what was actually visible on that page.

The published codebook classifies URL navigation patterns conservatively. Treatment paths take precedence over generic location or practitioner prefixes. A path label is not a review of page quality or proof that a particular block caused a recommendation.

The public data omit full AI answers, API identifiers, credentials and private ClinicTruth project information. They retain prompt cells, observation metrics, citations, pair inputs and review evidence needed to inspect the analysis.

### Interpretation and limitations

- This is an exploratory same-day panel of 18 convenience-selected query cells, not a representative estimate of all US cosmetic-surgery searches or practices.
- The two wordings request different information; their differences are not an isolated causal prompt experiment.
- Cities were named in the query. Physical city IP, signed-in personalization and provider-side caching were not controlled. Delayed missing-only recoveries widen the window for their original repeat slots.
- Citation overlap describes visible reference sets, not provider quality, clinical suitability, patient demand or the hidden causal source of a recommendation.
- URL-path categories are conservative navigational proxies. Selected source-page facts do not establish that a website feature causes AI inclusion.
- No website intervention was applied. The practical cosmetic-surgery guide combines observed findings with Rotgar’s interpretation rather than claiming proven ranking factors.

Download and reuse

## Download the public v1.0 research materials

Inspect the prompts, denominators and source sets behind the findings. Materials are available without an email gate under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Full AI answers, credentials and internal collection identifiers are not redistributed.

[text/csv **Platform results · CSV** Answers, citations and repeatability, with exact platform denominators.1.1 KB `sha256:b1abf7563a07f7bd7f4aa6249f15ee6ce5c4a1ac3443763a39774e6a37e5b9cd`](https://rotgar.com/research-data/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-v1.0/platform-summary.csv) [application/json **Complete public data · JSON** The sanitized observation metrics, citations, pair tables and source follow-up in one file.1.0 MB `sha256:348475805609f4089002e5203a57e7359fc0d50e2cafbe95ba1d5a5fd4cbbb97`](https://rotgar.com/research-data/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-v1.0/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-v1.0.json) [text/csv **Exact cosmetic-surgery questions** All 18 fixed city, cosmetic-surgery procedure and wording cells.2.9 KB `sha256:a142f982e5d82c313ce4a560e9f361332d691a3b749a2cb669763f612ba925fe`](https://rotgar.com/research-data/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-v1.0/prompt-manifest.csv) [text/csv **Observation metrics** All 216 planned core observations, including no-answer and collection-error states.37.4 KB `sha256:add7f4f90b788559a175047b835018a198d0fe1220bdcdd6ec667293d0a2191c`](https://rotgar.com/research-data/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-v1.0/response-metrics.csv) [text/csv **Deduplicated answer citations** Normalized answer references and conservative URL-path categories.228.9 KB `sha256:da33f09f2954ac72266b57ad040b533bf8e15e7c72be99350826603628fdf9cf`](https://rotgar.com/research-data/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-v1.0/citations.csv) [text/csv **Repeat-source comparisons** All 216 within-query pairs and the source-set eligibility rules.26.7 KB `sha256:427a0c51b569573abec74a203a51c7b068fd79b519014af71525c234e70c770c`](https://rotgar.com/research-data/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-v1.0/within-pairs.csv) [text/csv **Cross-platform source comparisons** All 324 matched pairs across the six platform combinations.40.4 KB `sha256:7d041e52f26dc64f5e55c770f58c956a1ccfa708e91211dbc62e5b53b031c107`](https://rotgar.com/research-data/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-v1.0/cross-platform-pairs.csv) [text/csv **Cited page types** Platform-level navigational URL categories; not a ranking-factor score.2.2 KB `sha256:796c237d72a0648631cbcfcb1d564bb9fd136e72d6ae13085747f5874fdd99bf`](https://rotgar.com/research-data/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-v1.0/source-types.csv) [text/csv **Source-page follow-up** All 36 predetermined first-reference slots and their review evidence.39.9 KB `sha256:9c05ca3d8383f94b029374b1bee0bbdfa2dc46768c27af3094ad3d2f6f11ae83`](https://rotgar.com/research-data/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-v1.0/qualitative-source-review.csv) [text/markdown **Methodology and definitions** Collection, exclusions, denominator choices and interpretation boundaries.5.6 KB `sha256:ffd8e77b13a5fff3a659a789b2ce47d07ee3fc1bb124e741f2057d8de9c96c16`](https://rotgar.com/research-data/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-v1.0/METHODOLOGY.md) [text/plain **Reproduce the aggregate checks** Run the dependency-free Node.js checks against the sanitized public tables.14.4 KB `sha256:92abf990a13d161402b903bc10be2bf168a13e524b51c2adea062d74c610d065`](https://rotgar.com/research-data/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-v1.0/reproduce.mjs) [text/plain **Citation metadata** Author, license, version and canonical landing page; no invented DOI.458 B `sha256:54021793854b78d440d121265b0d761ae7beefbabb19d8d1dfc5518005afec47`](https://rotgar.com/research-data/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-v1.0/CITATION.cff) [application/json **File manifest** Public payload inventory, byte lengths and SHA-256 checksums.5.7 KB `sha256:7400c4d0b3c7d8a47bf9d09eb1434c580fe9bca83e2f588cedb87a6a2014fb9c`](https://rotgar.com/research-data/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-v1.0/manifest.json) [text/plain **Verify the package** Checksums for every payload and the manifest.2.2 KB `sha256:0978e5439847bf9f169882f918b4d46b3d9d1a28456b799d60e8d83d15cdfb3f`](https://rotgar.com/research-data/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-v1.0/SHA256SUMS.txt)

Citation and research record

## A separate, versioned cosmetic-surgery dataset

> Yudin, E. (2026). Cosmetic Plastic Surgery AI Search Visibility Across Four Platforms (Version 1.0) \[Data set\]. Rotgar Research. https://rotgar.com/medical/resources/cosmetic-plastic-surgery-ai-visibility-four-platform-study

Author

[Evgeniy Yudin](https://rotgar.com/about), Founder and Strategy Lead · [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8400-9561)

Publisher

Rotgar Research

Published

October 30, 2026

Fieldwork window

2026-10-30T14:08:10.698Z – 2026-10-30T15:08:51.169Z

Version and license

1.0 · [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

### Trace the evidence

The research artifact hash identifies the sanitized public analytical JSON containing the core observation metrics, citation table, repeat pairs, matched platform pairs and source-review slots. The fixed protocol hash is 86a567b0de7a7cc232238285d37874ba5309d55a0b1b35e2f2b6aca695bee5b4.

This is a distinct cosmetic plastic surgery dataset covering rhinoplasty, facelift surgery and breast augmentation. Older Plastic Surgery source-overlap data retain their original category and denominators. Nonsurgical medspa, dentistry, fertility and other datasets are separate research records, not repurposed surgical findings.

No DOI is assigned to this dataset at this publication step. The versioned package and canonical page are its public research record.

**Research artifact SHA-256** `348475805609f4089002e5203a57e7359fc0d50e2cafbe95ba1d5a5fd4cbbb97`

This panel has its own cosmetic-surgery population, fieldwork and dataset identity. Earlier Rotgar datasets retain their original scopes and publication records.

Continue from the evidence

## Cosmetic-surgery actions and related research

AI Visibility Audit

## Review how AI answers describe your cosmetic-surgery practice

The AI visibility audit starts with one clinic or selected location, one priority market and one patient language.

**Best fit** Clinics, hospitals and medical groups in:

- Dental
- Aesthetic medicine
- Physiotherapy
- Fertility & IVF
- Dermatology
- Hair transplant
- Cosmetic plastic surgery
- Mental health
- Multi-specialty groups

- Your current visibility and named competitors
- The sources AI answers cite
- A prioritized list of improvements to implement

Need to cover several clinics, locations, countries, markets or patient languages? [Book a 30-minute call ](https://calendly.com/z-rotgar/30min) We’ll discuss the scope for your organization.